Graham Hudson is secretary and a founding member of the British-based Ephemera Society and a frequent writer on aspects of ephemera and printing history. In the following interview, we discussed his watershed book, Design and Printing of Ephemera in Britain and America 1720 - 1920.
ephemera: Your book is really the essence of what this blog is about, Graham. By design, I dance around the topic quite a bit, but your book really speaks to the heart of the subject. What inspired you to write Design and Printing of Ephemera in Britain and America 1720 - 1920?
Hudson: Working as a designer myself, and as a teacher of graphic design, I am conscious of just how much design always has been influenced by three things: the purpose it is to serve, the fashions and culture of its time, and no less by the technical means available for its production. This is how I have introduced design to my students, and it’s what I find so fascinating about printed ephemera, where the effects of these three factors can often be seen so clearly.
ephemera: Those are some of the things that fascinate me about ephemera as well. What challenges or obstacles did you encounter while putting this book together? How did you overcome these challenges?
Hudson: Until comparatively recently books on printing history have concentrated on the history of books, largely ignoring other areas of printing and design. Thus, finding evidence of just how those old printers actually went about designing their ephemeral work was a major challenge. To find the answers, I had recourse to primary sources: early printers’ manuals and trade journals. There was also the ephemera itself of course. Looking at an engraved trade card or a colored music cover with a designer’s eye can, I think, reveal something of the thinking of the person who brought it into being.
ephemera: What are your favorite chapters in the book? How do they enrich the reader’s experience?
Hudson: I conceived the book as a whole, but if pushed I will choose chapters 6 and 7, which deal with nineteenth-century Artistic-printing. Here current advances in technology combined with an aspect of culture and fashion – the Aesthetic movement – to bring about a wholly new approach to letterpress print design, one in which color and complexity of layout were characteristic. America led the way, but it was British printers who took the lead in the 1890s with their development of the Leicester free style. It is only now that the quality of some of the work produced in this period is being recognized, both by collectors and designers.
ephemera: What surprised--or delighted--you the most as you wrote the book. What does it tell us about life in Britain and America during this time period?
Hudson: It became so clear to me just how much ephemera provides an insight into the lives of our ancestors. It was an eye-opener to find the trade card of a London ‘night man’ showing his workman carrying the contents of a privy to one of his ‘new invented Machine Carts’. Today we take indoor sanitation for granted. Then there are American ‘hidden-name’ cards, calling cards of the 1880s on which the bearer’s name is concealed beneath a chromolithographed scrap. These were unknown in Britain, where the formalities of calling on friends and acquaintances were governed by strict conventions. Here a decorative card would have been unthinkable. What became clear to me as during research, however, were the similarities in the design of the ephemera of our two countries. Yet this is not so surprising, for Colonial printers imported British type and equipment and took instruction from the same manuals, and this relationship continued through the first half of the nineteenth century. Even so, ideas were subsequently to travel in both directions. After the Civil War, American founders created new decorative typefaces and these were imported into Britain; yet developing the expertise to effectively design with these new faces depended on printers seeing each others’ work, and the first scheme of specimen exchange that successfully achieved this was wholly devised and administered from Britain with the idea then being taken up in America.
ephemera: This is such compelling content. I'm sure a lot of people interested in ephemera will want to know more. Who is your target audience for the book? What will they learn from it?
Hudson: My fellow ephemera collectors in Britain and America, and all who are interested in design history per se. To collectors the book will give further insights into the nature of the material in their collections; and, more widely, readers will see just how important ephemera is in the history of graphic design. There are aspects of design history quite outside the sphere of book production, and which can only be understood in the context of ephemera.
ephemera: Thanks, Graham. This is one of the more important interviews we've done on the blog, and I'm sure ephemera collectors will be excited to read your comments.
The British Library (ISBN: 9 80712 349048); Oak Knoll Press (ISBN:9 781584 562245)